Ransomware is a type of malware that encrypts an organization’s critical files and demands payment for decryption. Modern variants, such as double extortion ransomware, not only encrypt data but also exfiltrate it, threatening to release it if the ransom is not paid. Groups like LockBit, BlackCat, and Conti have executed highly sophisticated attacks across industries..

A sophisticated social engineering attack where cybercriminals compromise corporate email accounts through phishing or credential stuffing. Once inside, they send fraudulent emails impersonating executives or trusted vendors to manipulate financial transactions. Groups such as FIN7 and TA505 have refined these techniques, causing billions in losses annually.

Cybercriminals use fraudulent emails or messages to deceive employees and executives into revealing credentials or downloading malware. Spear phishing is a more targeted variant that includes personalized details to increase credibility and bypass traditional security filters.

Long-term, stealthy cyberattacks conducted by well-funded adversaries, often state-sponsored. APTs utilize a combination of phishing, zero-day exploits, and lateral movement techniques to maintain access for extended periods. Prominent groups include APT41 (China), Sandworm (Russia), and Lazarus Group (North Korea).